INE confirmed annual inflation eased to 2.3% in 2025, a 0.1 percentage‑point drop from 2024; food was the largest contributor to price increases over the year. The data come from the Consumer Price Index as compiled by the National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estatística or INE). For residents balancing household budgets, slower headline inflation may ease pressure but food-price rises mean grocery bills remain important to monitor.