In some jurisdictions, a well-funded bank account combined with a Golden Visa can confer the right to vote in presidential elections — a right that may extend to dependants including children and stepchildren (filho, enteado). This analysis highlights legal and ethical questions about wealth-based enfranchisement, the distinction between residency and citizenship criteria, implications for expat voting rights, and potential gaps in electoral law and oversight.
Children & Stepchildren
Sunday, 25 January 2026RSS
Context & Explainers
The Golden Visa (Autorização de Residência para Investimento, ARI) is Portugal's residence-by-investment program, created in 2012, granting non-EU nationals a residency permit in exchange for qualifying investments.
Since October 2023, direct residential real estate purchases no longer qualify — a reform aimed at easing housing market pressure. Eligible investment routes now include capital transfers (€500,000+), investment fund subscriptions, job creation, and contributions to scientific research or cultural heritage. Minimum amounts and conditions vary by category.
A Golden Visa provides Schengen travel rights, requires minimal physical presence in Portugal (7 days per year), and offers a pathway to permanent residency after five years and citizenship after six. The program has been politically controversial, with ongoing debate about its impact on housing prices and its value as an economic stimulus.
Applicants must deal with AIMA for residency processing, which has experienced significant backlogs.
